Haematology summary 16

Haematology summary 16

Chapter 16 in haematology (Myelodysplasia)summary

-Myelodysplasia include a group of clonal disorders of heamopoietic stem cells that lead to bone marrow failure and low blood cell counts.Ahallmark of the disease is simultaneous proliferation and apoptosis is haemopoietic cells leading to the paradox of a hypercellular bone marrow but pancytopenia in peripheral blood . there is a tendency to progress to acute myeloid leukaemia.

-In most cases, the disease is primary but it may be secondary to chemotherapy given for treatment of another malignancy.

-The main clinical features of anaemia, infectionand bleeding, are caused by reduction in the bone count.most patients are over 70 years of age.

-Diagnosis is made by examination of the blood and bone marrow together with genetic studies of the tumour cells . they are calssfiedinto eight major subtypes.

-Scoring systems can divide patients in those with low-grade or high-grade disease .

-Low-grade disease may not need treatemt . haemopoietic growth factors,lendalidomide or blood product support may be usful when required.

-High-grade myelodysplasia may be treated by itensive chemptherapy,demethylating drugs or stem cell transplantation.Allogeneic transplantation is the only curative procedure.

-Myelodusplasia/myeloproliferative neoplasma are a group of disorders classified between myelodysplasia and myeloproliferaive disorders and show the presence of dysplastic featurs but also increased number of circulating .

From book: Essentail Haematology A.V.HOFFBRAND,P.A.H.MOSS.6EDITION