Haematology summary 19

Haematology summary 19

Chapter 19 in haematology (Hodgkin lymphoma)summary

-Lymphoma are a group of diseases caused by malignant lymphocytes that accumulation in lymph nodes and cause lymphoadenopathy.

-The major subdivision of lymphomas ia into hodgkin and this is based on the presence of Reed-strenberg cells in hodgkin lymphoma.

-Reed-strenberg cells are neoplastic B cells but most cells i the lymph node are reactive inflammatory cells.

-The usual clinical presentation is with painless asymmetrical lymphadenopathy- most commonly in the neck.

-Constitutional symptoms of fever,weight loss and sweating are prominent in patients with widespresd disease.

-Blood tests may show anaemia, neutophilia and rasied erythrocyte sedmentation rate (ESR) or lactic dehydrogenase (LDH).

-Diagnosis is made by histological examination of an excised lymph node and there are four subtype of disease .

-Staging of the disease is important for determining treatment and prognosis history, examiantion, blood test ,CT and PET scan are typically used.

-Treatment is with radiotherapy, chemotherapy or acombination of both. The choice depends on the stage and grade of the disease .

-The response to treatment can be monitored by CT and PET scans.disease relapse can be treated with chemotherapy sometimes with stem cells transplantion.

-The prognosis is excellent and over 85% of patients can expect to be cured.late side effects of treatment are a concern.

 

From book: Essentail Haematology A.V.HOFFBRAND,P.A.H.MOSS.6EDITION