Haematology summray 6

Chapter 6 in Haematology (Haemolytic anaemias)summary

 

-Haemolytic anaemia is caused by shorting of the red cell life.The red cells may break down in the reticuloendothelial system (extravascular)or in the circulation (intravascular).

-Haemolytic anaemia may be caused by inhrited red cell defects, which are usually intrinsic to the red cell ,or to acquired caused, which are usually caused bu an abnormality of the red cell environment .

-Features of extravascular haemolysis include jaundice,gallstones and splenomegaly with raised reticulocytes,unconjugated bilirubin band absent haptoglobins.In intravascular haemolysis (e.g.casued by ABO mismatched blood transfusion),there is haemoglobinaemia ,methaemalbuminaemia ,haemoglobinuria ,and haemosiderinuria .

-Genetic defect include those of the red cell membrane (e.g.hereditary spherocytosis),enzyme defiiciencies(e.g.glucose-6-phosphate dehyrogenase or pyruvate kinase deficiency)or haemoglobin defevt (e.g.sickle cell anaemia).

-Acquired causes of haemolytic anemia include warm or clod, auto- or allo- antibodies to red cells, red cell fragmentation syndromes, infection, toxins,and paroxymal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

 

 

  From book: Essentail Haematology A.V.HOFFBRAND,P.A.H.MOSS.6EDITION